This is the first in a series about how Canada works. An Investigator must know these things about his country in order to know who is responsible for creating and maintaining the information that he may need.
The Canadian Federation
Canada is a federation with two distinct jurisdictions of political authority: the country-wide federal government and ten provincial governments. Presently, the three territories are creations of the Federal Parliament and exercise delegated power and not sovereign power.
The federal nature of Canadian constitution was a reaction to the range of colonial diversities of the different regions of Canada. Federalism was also considered essential to the co-existence of the French and English Canada.
The division of powers between the federal and provincial governments was initially outlined in the British North America Act, 1867 (now the Constitution Act, 1867), which, with amendments to both, form the Constitution of Canada. The federal-provincial distribution of legislative powers (also known as the division of powers) defines the scope of the power of the federal parliament of Canada and the powers of each individual provincial legislature or assembly.